High expression of acidic chitinase and chitin digestibility in the stomach of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), an insectivorous nonhuman primate.

Chitin is a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and the main constituent of the exoskeleton of insects. The insects are rich in protein with high energy conversion efficiency. More recently, we have reported that the chitinase acid (Chia) acts as a digestive Human Clia Kitsenzyme in mice and swine (omnivorous) but not in dogs (carnivores) and bovine (herbivores), showed that eating behavior affects the level of expression of Chia, and determine the digestibility of chitin in certain animals. 

Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) belongs to the family of New World monkeys and provide a potential bridge between mouse models and human diseases. Common marmosets are non-human primates insect with an unknown level of expression and enzymatic function of homologous Chia, Chia. Here, we report that the common marmoset are very revealing pepsin-, trypsin- and chymotrypsin CHIA hold in the stomach. 

We show that the CHIA most active at pH 2.0 and degradation of chitin and shellfish mealworm to GlcNAc dimers in gastrointestinal conditions. Despite the common marmoset and crab-eating monkeys (Old World monkeys) have two CHIA gene in their genome, they are particularly revealing of the genes in the stomach. Thus, this study is the first to investigate the level of expression and enzymatic functions CHIA in New World primates, contribute to the understanding of adaptation and digestion of food in this taxon

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to cause irritation and damage to the airways following inhalation, but the mechanisms that contribute to the toxicity of H2S airway is not clear. In order to evaluate the respiratory toxicity of H2S inhalation in the trachea of ​​chicken, we examine changes in oxidative stress parameters, the network structure of the trachea and transcriptome profiles of chicken trachea exposed to H2S for 42 days. 

The results showed exposure to H2S induced oxidative stress and inflammation Mouse Clia Kits in the trachea. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the disappearance of cilia and mucus accumulation in the tracheal epithelium. differentially expressed genes (degs) analysis showed 454 genes were significantly changed, including 136 genes upregulated and 318 downregulated genes. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis showed many of the genes involved in the response to oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response, which may contribute to the H2S-induced tracheal inflammation injury